自分用

SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA
Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides 1
Report of the DATEX Working Group on β-casomorphins
(Question N° EFSA-Q-2008-379) Issued on 29 January 2009

WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
Ivano De Noni, Richard J. FitzGerald, Hannu J. T. Korhonen, Yves Le Roux, Chris T.
Livesey, Inga Thorsdottir, Daniel Tomé, Renger Witkamp.

「用語」
Ａ１ミルク・・・βカゼインＡ１を多く含む牛乳　Ａ２ミルク・・・βカゼインＡ２を多く含む牛乳の事。
BCM7・・・β-カソモルフィン-7の事でβカゼインの一部。あとその代謝物などのペプチドが自閉症の増加に関連していると主張する人がいる。

「要約」の要約

Among these, β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7), a peptidesequence present in the milk protein β-casein, has been suggested to contribute to an increased risk for certain non-communicable diseases, such as autism, cardiovascular diseases and type I diabetes.
Some literature reports have proposed possible mechanistic explanations for such associations Recognising the alleged negative effect of BCM7 on human health, EFSA deemed it necessary to perform a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature in order to assess the relationship of this peptide and related peptides with non-communicable diseases.

上記のような事が云われるのでＥＦＳＡは系統的レビューを行うことにしたようです。

However, there are indications that the sequential action of several digestive enzymes may be involved and the formation of certain BCMs after SGID (with multiple enzyme activities) has been demonstrated.
Animal data clearly indicate that BCMs, including BCM7, can act as opioid receptor agonists, probably acting via μ-type opioid receptors. However, in most if not all animal studies to date, in vivo opioid effects for BCM7 and related milk-derived peptides have only been observed following intra-peritoneal (i.p.) or intra-cerebro-ventricular (i.c.v.) administration.

動物実験に於いてオピオイド受容体を経由して作用が発現するという報告は有るのですが、それは腹腔内に直接投与したものか、脳室内に投与という条件みたい。

A prerequisite for opioid activity after oral ingestion is that the peptides must pass the intestinal epithelial barrier. In addition, subsequent biotransformation in the liver and stability in plasma may be factors determining the ultimate biological activity.
Finally, passage through the blood-brain-barrier is in principle needed for an activity in the central nervous system.
Relatively little is known on the mechanisms of transfer of intact peptides longer than 3 amino acids across the intestinal barrier. If this transport occurs, then the extent is very low and passive diffusion is the most likely transfer mechanism.
The presence of β-casomorphin immunoreactive material has been reported in blood in two studies with neonatal dogs and calves.
However, the presence of intact β-casomorphin molecules in blood after intake of milk or casein has not been established in in vivo studies.

経口摂取では、ペプチドが腸上皮関門を通過する必要があり、さらにオピオイド受容体に作用するためには血液脳関門を通過しなければならないはず。理論的にはまぁ、不可能とまではいえないけれど、牛乳やカゼインを飲んで貰った生体実験で血液中に確認したよ、という報告はあがっていないようですね。

Based on the present review of available scientific literature, a cause-effect relationship between the oral intake of BCM7 or related peptides and etiology or course of any suggested non-communicable diseases cannot be established. Consequently, a formal EFSA risk assessment of food-derived peptides is not recommended.

ずいぶんとはしょってしまいますが、レビューの結果、BCM7や関連ペプチドの食事からの摂取は自閉症などの非伝染性疾患の間に因果関係はないと結論したみたい。そして食品としてのリスク評価するに値しないと結論。